目的 基于长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）/mRNA 表达谱探讨橘红胎配方颗粒治疗慢性支气管炎（CB）的作用 机制。方法 将 18 只 SD 大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、橘红胎配方颗粒组（3.15 g·kg-1 ），每组 6 只。在第 2、 6、13、19、23、29 天，空白组大鼠气管滴注 200 µL 生理盐水，模型组和橘红胎配方颗粒组大鼠气管滴注 200 µL 脂多糖（1 µg·µL-1 ）复制 CB 模型；其余时间橘红胎配方颗粒组大鼠给予橘红胎配方颗粒溶液灌胃，空 白组、模型组大鼠灌胃等体积生理盐水，每天灌胃 1 次，连续干预 30 d。采用 HE 法观察大鼠肺组织病理改 变；ELISA 法检测血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中肿瘤坏死因子 α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素 6（IL-6）水平。采 用高通量测序技术（HTC）对空白组、模型组、橘红胎配方颗粒组大鼠肺组织的 lncRNA/mRNA 表达谱进行分 析，筛选关键调节基因，并进行 GO 功能和 KEGG 通路富集分析。结果 （1）与空白组比较，模型组大鼠气管 壁明显增厚，部分肺泡不规则扩大并融合形成肺大泡，支气管管腔内可见不同程度的炎性细胞浸润，有明显出 血点；与模型组比较，橘红胎配方颗粒组大鼠支气管黏膜上皮、管壁较为完整，肺泡壁塌陷较少，出血及炎性 细胞浸润程度减轻。（2）与空白组比较，模型组大鼠肺组织病理评分及血清、BALF 中 TNF-α、IL-6 水平显著升 高（P＜0.01）；与模型组比较，橘红胎配方颗粒组大鼠肺组织病理评分及血清、BALF 中 TNF-α、IL-6 水平显 著降低（P＜0.01）。（3）测序结果显示，橘红胎配方颗粒治疗 CB 的关键调节基因共有 54 个，较模型组上调基 因 26 个（包括 Myrip、Mtcl1、Chrd、Gpr17、Trim54 等），下调基因 28 个（包括 Gcsam、Mir146a、Top2a、 Cemip、Mki67 等）。关键调节基因主要涉及原发性免疫缺陷和 TGF-β 信号通路。结论 橘红胎配方颗粒可降 低 CB 大鼠 TNF-α、IL-6 水平，抑制炎症反应，改善肺部病理损伤，其机制可能与调控 Myrip、Mir146a、 Blnk、Icos、Chrd、Lrrc32 等基因表达，从而调节原发性免疫缺陷和 TGF-β 信号通路有关。

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Juhongtai Dispensing Granules in the treatment of chronic bronchitis （CB） based on lncRNA/mRNA expression profiling. Methods Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group，model group，and Juhongtai Dispensing Granules group （3.15 g·kg-1 ），with 6 rats in each group. On days 2，6，13，19，23，and 29，rats in the control group received intratracheal instillation of 200 µL normal saline，while those in the model and granules groups received intratracheal instillation of 200 µL LPS （1 µg·µL-1 ） to establish the CB model. On the remaining days，rats in the granules group were administered Juhongtai Dispensing Granules solution by gavage，while the control and model groups received an equal volume of normal saline，once daily for 30 consecutive days. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in rat lung tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to detect the expression levels of tumor necrosis factoralpha （TNF- α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）. High-throughput sequencing was performed to analyze the lncRNA/mRNA expression profiles in lung tissues of rats from the control， model，and granules groups. Key regulatory genes were screened，followed by Gene Ontology （GO） function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses. Results （1） Compared with the control group， the model group exhibited significantly thickened bronchial walls， irregular enlargement and fusion of some alveoli forming bullae， varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration in the bronchial lumen， and obvious hemorrhagic spots. Compared with the model group， the granules group showed relatively intact bronchial mucosal epithelium and walls， reduced alveolar wall collapse， and alleviated hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration. （2）Compared with the control group，the lung histopathology score and the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and BALF were significantly increased in the model group （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group，these parameters were significantly decreased in the granules group （P＜0.01）.（3） Sequencing results identified 54 key regulatory genes potentially involved in the therapeutic effect of Juhongtai Dispensing Granules on CB. Compared with the model group，26 genes were upregulated （including Myrip，Mtcl1，Chrd，Gpr17，Trim54，etc.） and 28 genes were downregulated （including Gcsam， Mir146a， Top2a， Cemip， Mki67， etc.） in the granules group. These key regulatory genes were primarily enriched in pathways related to primary immunodeficiency and the TGF- β signaling pathway. Conclusion Juhongtai Dispensing Granules can reduce TNF- α and IL-6 levels， inhibit inflammatory responses，and ameliorate pulmonary pathological damage in rats. The underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of gene expression， such as Myrip， Mir146a， Blnk， Icos， Chrd， and Lrrc32， thereby modulating the primary immunodeficiency and TGF-β signaling pathways.

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广东省教育厅科研项目（2022ZDZX4004）；广州中医药大学创新创业培养计划项目（202410572293）；广东省农村科技特派员项目 （KTP20200136）；广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴行动项目（2024-NPY-00-042）；广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目 （2024CXTD24）。