目的 运用超高效液相色谱-质谱（UPLC-MS）代谢组学技术分析 5 种石斛（铁皮石斛、霍山石斛、金钗 石斛、流苏石斛、鼓槌石斛）中糖类代谢物种类及含量的差异。方法 运用 UPLC-MS 代谢组学技术对 5 种石 斛成分进行分析；使用主成分分析（PCA）和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）鉴定差异代谢物，并利用 KEGG 数据库对差异代谢物进行注释。结果 5 种不同石斛样本中鉴定出 1 128 个代谢物，其中，糖及醇类共 有 108 个，多为单糖、糖苷、多糖、二糖等成分。PCA、OPLS-DA 多元变量统计分析结果显示，石斛代谢产 物可明显区分铁皮石斛、霍山石斛、金钗石斛、流苏石斛、鼓槌石斛 5 种石斛样品。差异代谢物分析结果显 示，葡聚糖、糖酸、氨基醇和二醇 4 类糖及醇类差异代谢物在 5 种石斛之间有显著差异，其中糖及衍生物差异 代谢物种类中糖苷、单糖、葡聚糖、二糖、糖醇、多糖和己糖磷酸成分含量较高；进一步筛选出 12 种显著的 差异代谢物，包括单糖（D-葡萄糖-6 磷酸二钠盐水化合物、盐酸 D-甘露糖胺、D-甘露糖）、二糖（松二糖）、 多糖（耐斯糖、菊粉）、葡聚糖（低聚异麦芽糖 900）、糖苷（红霉素 A 烯醇醚）、糖醇[山梨醇、D-甘露醇、 （-）-VIBO-栎醇]、己糖磷酸（D-葡萄糖-6 磷酸）。糖及醇类差异代谢物 KEGG 通路分析显示，5 种石斛主要在 其他次生代谢物的生物合成途径和糖代谢途径存在显著差异，糖及衍生物差异代谢物注释到的主要通路为 ABC 转运蛋白和半乳糖代谢通路。结论 5 种石斛中的糖及衍生物代谢物种类及含量存在明显差异，12 种糖 类差异代谢物能将 5 种石斛（铁皮石斛、霍山石斛、金钗石斛、流苏石斛、鼓槌石斛）进行区分，可为鉴定不同 品种的石斛及深入开展石斛糖类物质基础研究提供参考。

Objective To analyze the differences in the types and contents of sugar metabolites among five Dendrobium species （Dendrobium officinale，Dendrobium huoshanense，Dendrobium nobile，Dendrobium fimbriatum，Dendrobium chrysotoxum） using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS）metabolomic technology. Methods The components of the five Dendrobium species were analyzed by UPLC-MS metabolomic technology. Principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were employed to identify differential metabolites， and the KEGG database was utilized to annotate these differential metabolites. Results A total of 1 128 metabolites were preliminarily identified across the five Dendrobium samples， among which 108 belonged to sugars and alcohols，primarily including monosaccharides，glycosides，polysaccharides， and disaccharides. Multivariate statistical analysis （PCA and OPLS-DA） revealed that the metabolic profiles could clearly distinguish among the five Dendrobium samples： Dendrobium officinale， Dendrobium huoshanense， Dendrobium nobile，Dendrobium fimbriatum，Dendrobium chrysotoxum. Analysis of differential metabolites indicated significant differences in four categories of sugar and alcohol metabolites—glucans，sugar acids，amino alcohols，and diols—among the five species. Within the sugar and derivative differential metabolites，glycosides，monosaccharides， glucans， disaccharides， sugar alcohols， polysaccharides， and hexose phosphates were present at relatively high levels. Furthermore，12 significant differential metabolites were screened，including monosaccharides （D-glucose 6- phosphate disodium salt hydrate， D-mannosamine hydrochloride， D-mannose）， a disaccharide （turanose）， polysaccharides （nystose，inulin），a glucan （isomaltooligosaccharide 900），a glycoside （erythromycin A enol ether）， sugar alcohols [sorbitol， D-mannitol，（-）-VIBO-quercitol]， and a hexose phosphate （D-glucose 6-phosphate）. KEGG pathway analysis of the differential sugar and alcohol metabolites demonstrated that the five Dendrobium species exhibited significant differences primarily in the biosynthesis pathways of other secondary metabolites and in sugar metabolic pathways. The main pathways annotated for the differential sugar and derivative metabolites were the ABC transporters and galactose metabolism pathways. Conclusion There are distinct differences in the types and contents of sugar and derivative metabolites among the five Dendrobium species. The 12 screened sugar differential metabolites can effectively distinguish the five species （Dendrobium officinale， Dendrobium huoshanense， Dendrobium nobile， Dendrobium fimbriatum， Dendrobium chrysotoxum）， providing a reference for the identification of different Dendrobium varieties and for further in-depth research into the sugar material basis of Dendrobium.

R284.1

中央本级重大增减支项目-名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目（2060302）。