[关键词]
[摘要]
目的 采用网络药理学、转录组学结合体外实验探讨康莱特注射液治疗结直肠癌的有效成分及作用机 制。方法 (1)利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、SwissTargetPrediction 等平台收集康莱特注射 液的有效成分及药物作用靶点;采用 GEO 数据库中 GSE103512 数据集筛选与结直肠癌相关的基因靶点,运用 R 语言取康莱特注射液有效成分靶点与疾病靶点的交集,获得潜在治疗靶点。通过 Cytoscape 3.7.1 软件及 STRING 数据库构建“活性成分-疾病靶点”网络图和蛋白质-蛋白质互作(PPI)网络,筛选康莱特注射液治疗 结直肠癌的核心靶点,并利用 AutoDockTools 软件对康莱特注射液的有效成分与核心靶点进行分子对接验证。 (2)运用 MTT 法检测不同浓度的康莱特注射液及有效成分豆甾醇、木栓酮和麦角固醇对直肠癌 HCT-116 细胞 活力的影响。在此基础上,将对数生长期的 HCT-116 细胞分为对照组及麦角固醇低(5 μmol·L -1 )、中 (10 μmol·L -1 )、高(25 μmol·L -1 )剂量组,采用细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力。(3)提取对照组与麦角固醇组 (25 μmol·L -1 )的 HCT-116 细胞 RNA 进行转录组学测序,筛选差异表达基因;对差异表达基因进行 GO 功能与 KEGG 通路富集分析,并进行基因集富集分析(GSEA)。(4)将对数生长期的 HCT-116 细胞分为对照组、康莱特 注射液组(1 g·L -1 )及麦角固醇低(5 μmol·L -1 )、高(25 μmol·L -1 )剂量组,采用细胞周期检测试剂盒检测细胞周 期分期情况;qPCR 法检测细胞内 HK2、HK3、HKDC1、AKT1、AKT2、AKT3 mRNA 的表达水平;葡萄糖-6- 磷酸酶活性试剂盒检测细胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶代谢水平。结果 (1)共获得康莱特注射液活性成分 38 个,预测 得到 1 112 个作用靶点,835 个结直肠癌疾病相关靶点;取交集得到 90 个康莱特注射液治疗结直肠癌的潜在 作用靶点。康莱特注射液治疗结直肠癌核心靶点包括 MMP2、SRC、MET、FGFR1 和 IGF1。分子对接显示, 康莱特注射液治疗结直肠癌的潜在活性成分有麦角固醇、豆甾醇和木栓酮。(2)麦角固醇对 HCT-116 细胞具有 较强的细胞毒性(P<0.01),确定麦角固醇低、中、高剂量组干预浓度为 5、10、25 μmol·L -1 ,干预时间为 48 h。 与对照组比较,麦角固醇低、中、高剂量组细胞 24、48 h 的相对迁移面积缩小(P<0.05,P<0.01);康莱特 注射液、麦角固醇组 HCT-116 细胞的细胞活性降低(P<0.01)。(3)转录组分析共筛选出 1 399 个差异表达基 因,其中 42 个上调、1 357 个下调基因。麦角固醇对 HCT-116 细胞的作用与果糖和甘露糖代谢通路 (KO00051)高度相关。(4)与对照组比较,麦角固醇低、高剂量组和康莱特注射液组 G2/M 期细胞数量明显减少 (P<0.01),HK2、HK3、HKDC1、AKT1、AKT2 和 AKT3 的 mRNA 水平及葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶含量水平均降低 (P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 麦角固醇作为康莱特注射液的关键活性成分,可能通过抑制 AKT/HK2 信号通路 中的 HK2、HK3、HKDC1、AKT1、AKT2 和 AKT3 的基因转录,降低葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶活性,进而影响结直肠 癌 HCT-116 细胞增殖、迁移能力,从而发挥治疗结直肠癌的作用。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To screen the active components and investigate the mechanism of Kanglaite Injection (KLT) in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) using network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and in vitro experiments. Methods (1) The active components of KLT and their potential targets were collected from the TCM Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and the Swiss Target Prediction platform. Gene targets related to CRC were screened using the GSE103512 dataset from the GEO database. The R software was used to identify the intersection between KLT component targets and disease targets,obtaining potential therapeutic targets. The "active component-disease target" network and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.1 and the STRING database to identify core targets of KLT for CRC treatment. Molecular docking validation of KLT's active components with the core targets was performed using AutoDockTools software. (2) The MTT assay was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of KLT and its active components (stigmasterol,friedelin,and ergosterol) on the viability of HCT-116 cells. Based on this,HCT-116 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were divided into a control group and low- (5 μmol·L -1 ),medium- (10 μmol·L -1 ),and high-dose (25 μmol·L -1 ) ergosterol groups. The cell migration ability was detected by the wound healing assay. (3) RNA was extracted from HCT-116 cells of the control group and the high-dose ergosterol group (25 μmol·L -1 ) for transcriptome sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed on the DEGs. HCT-116 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were divided into a control group,a KLT group (1 g·L -1 ),and low- (5 μmol·L -1 ) and high-dose (25 μmol·L -1 ) ergosterol groups. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed using a cell cycle detection kit;the mRNA expression levels of HK2,HK3,HKDC1,AKT1,AKT2,and AKT3 were detected by qPCR;and the glucose-6-phosphatase activity level was measured using a corresponding assay kit. Results (1) A total of 38 active components of KLT were identified,predicting 1 112 action targets. There were 835 CRC-related disease targets,and 90 potential therapeutic targets for KLT in CRC treatment were obtained by taking the intersection. The core targets for KLT in treating CRC included MMP2, SRC, MET, FGFR1, and IGF1. Molecular docking showed that potential active components of KLT for CRC treatment included ergosterol,stigmasterol,and friedelin. (2) Ergosterol exhibited strong cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cells (P<0.01). The intervention concentrations for the low-,medium-,and high-dose ergosterol groups were determined as 5,10,and 25 μmol·L -1 ,respectively,with an intervention time of 48 hours. Compared with the control group,the relative migration area at 24 hours and 48 hours was reduced in the low-,medium-,and high-dose ergosterol groups (P<0.05,P<0.01);cell viability of HCT- 116 cells was decreased in the KLT and ergosterol groups (P<0.01). (3) Transcriptome analysis identified 1 399 DEGs, including 42 upregulated and 1 357 downregulated genes. The effect of ergosterol on HCT-116 cells was highly associated with the fructose and mannose metabolism pathway (KO00051). Compared with the control group, the number of cells in the G2/M phase was significantly reduced in the low- and high-dose ergosterol groups and the KLT group (P<0.01), and the mRNA levels of HK2, HK3, HKDC1, AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3, as well as the glucose-6-phosphatase activity level,were decreased (P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion Ergosterol,as a key active component of KLT,likely exerts its anti-CRC effects on HCT-116 cells by inhibiting the gene transcription of HK2, HK3,HKDC1,AKT1,AKT2,and AKT3 in the AKT/HK2 signaling pathway and reducing glucose-6-phosphatase activity,thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and migration.
[中图分类号]
R285.5
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目(82405230);佛山市科学技术局医学攻关项目(2220001004749);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2023M741397); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2023A1515110847);广东省中医药局科研项目(20221379)。