[关键词]
[摘要]
目的 探讨石菖蒲新苯丙素类化合物 (R) -3-[1-hydroxy-3- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) propan-2-yl]-4,5- dimethoxy methylbenzoate (HDDM) 对帕金森病 (PD) 小鼠多巴胺能神经元的保护机制。方法 采用皮下注射利血 平构建 PD 小鼠模型。将 70 只 NIH 小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、美多巴组 (112 mg·kg-1 ) 、铁死亡抑制剂组 (Liproxstatin-1,10 mg·kg-1 ) 和自噬抑制剂组 (6-氨基-3-甲基嘌呤,30 mg·kg-1 ) 及 HDDM 高 (40 mg·kg-1 ) 、低 (20 mg·kg-1 ) 剂量组,每组 10 只。正常组、模型组给予生理盐水灌胃,各给药组给予相应浓度的药物干预,每 天给药 1 次,持续治疗 40 d。采用旷场、爬杆、热板和自主活动试验等一系列行为学测试评估小鼠行为学改 变情况;ELISA 法检测小鼠纹状体中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 4 (GPX4) 、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px) 、活性氧 (ROS)、肿瘤坏死因子 α (TNF-α)、白细胞介素 1β (IL-1β)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)和丙二醛 (MDA) 含量;免疫荧光法检测纹状体中酪氨酸羟化酶 (TH) 、Beclin-1 和微管相关蛋白轻链 3B (LC3B) 阳性细胞 表达水平;Western Blot 法测定小鼠纹状体中 Beclin-1、转铁蛋白受体 1 (TFR1) 蛋白表达水平。结果 (1) 与正 常组比较,模型组小鼠穿越格子数、直立次数、粪便数、自主活动次数均显著减少 (P<0.01) ,爬杆时间、首 次舔足时间及中央格停留时间延长 (P<0.01) 。与模型组比较,美多巴组、自噬抑制剂组、铁死亡抑制剂组及 HDDM 高剂量组小鼠的穿越格子数、直立次数、自主活动次数增多 (P<0.05,P<0.01) ,首次舔足时间明显缩 短 (P<0.05,P<0.01) 。美多巴组及 HDDM 低、高剂量组小鼠的粪便数较模型组增多 (P<0.05,P<0.01) ,爬 杆时间明显缩短 (P<0.05,P<0.01) 。 (2) 与正常组比较,模型组小鼠纹状体中 TNF-α、IL-8、IL-1β、MDA、 ROS 水平升高 (P<0.01),TH、Beclin-1、LC3B 阳性细胞及 GSH-Px、GPX4、NE、DA 表达水平显著降低 (P< 0.05,P<0.01)。与模型组比较,美多巴组、自噬抑制剂组、铁死亡抑制剂组及 HDDM 低、高剂量组小鼠纹状 体中 TNF-α、IL-8、IL-1β、MDA 和 ROS 水平明显降低 (P<0.05,P<0.01) ,GSH-Px、GPX4、NE 和 DA 水 平显著升高 (P<0.05,P<0.01) 。与模型组比较,美多巴组、铁死亡抑制剂组及 HDDM 低、高剂量组小鼠纹状 体中 TH、Beclin-1、LC3B 阳性细胞表达水平显著升高 (P<0.05,P<0.01) ;自噬抑制剂组 LC3B 阳性细胞表 达水平低于模型组 (P<0.01) ,但 TH 和 Beclin-1 阳性细胞表达水平均显著高于模型组 (P<0.05,P<0.01) 。 (3) 与正常组比较,模型组小鼠纹状体中 Beclin-1、FTH1 蛋白表达水平降低 (P<0.01) ,TRF1 蛋白表达水平升 高 (P<0.01) 。与模型组比较,HDDM 高剂量组、自噬抑制剂组、铁死亡抑制剂组小鼠的 TRF1 蛋白表达水平 降低 (P<0.01) ,FTH1 蛋白表达水平升高 (P<0.01) 。除了铁死亡抑制剂组外,HDDM 高剂量组、自噬抑制剂 组小鼠的 Beclin-1 蛋白表达水平较模型组显著升高 (P<0.05,P<0.01) 。结论 HDDM 能够改善 PD 小鼠的 PD 症状,其机制可能是通过抗氧化、减轻炎症反应来抑制细胞自噬和铁死亡,减轻纹状体多巴胺能神经元退 化,发挥神经保护作用。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of (R) -3-[1-hydroxy-3- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) propan-2-yl]-4,5-dimethoxy methylbenzoate (HDDM) ,a novel phenylpropanoids compound from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma,on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’ s disease (PD) model mice. Methods A PD mouse model was established by subcutaneous reserpine injection. Seventy NIH mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Madopar group (112 mg·kg-1 ) ,ferroptosis inhibitor group (Liproxstatin-1,10 mg·kg-1 ) ,autophagy inhibitor group (3-methyladenine,30 mg·kg-1 ) ,and HDDM high- (40 mg·kg-1 ) and low-dose (20 mg·kg-1 ) groups (n=10 per group) . The normal and model groups received saline gavage,while treatment groups received corresponding drugs once daily for 40 days. Behavioral changes were assessed through open field,pole climbing,hot plate,and spontaneous activity tests. ELISA measured striatal levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) ,glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) , reactive oxygen species (ROS) ,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ,interleukin-1β (IL-1β) ,norepinephrine (NE) , dopamine (DA) ,and malondialdehyde (MDA) . Immunofluorescence detected tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) ,Beclin-1, and LC3B-positive cell expression. Western Blot analyzed striatal Beclin-1 and transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) protein expression. Results (1) Compared with normal group, model mice showed significantly reduced grid crossings, rearing events,fecal pellets,and spontaneous activities (P<0.01),with prolonged pole climbing time,first paw licking latency,and central area duration (P<0.01) . Compared with the model group,Madopar,autophagy inhibitor, ferroptosis inhibitor,and HDDM groups exhibited increased grid crossings,rearing events,and spontaneous activities (P<0.05,P<0.01),with shortened first paw licking latency (P<0.05,P<0.01) . Madopar and HDDM groups showed increased fecal pellets (P<0.05,P<0.01) and reduced pole climbing time (P<0.05,P<0.01) . (2) Compared with normal group,model mice showed increased TNF-α,IL-8,IL-1β,MDA,ROS levels (P<0.01),while TH, Beclin-1,LC3B-positive cells,GSH-Px,GPX4,NE,and DA levels were significantly decresased (P<0.05,P< 0.01) . Compared with the model group,Madopar,autophagy inhibitor,ferroptosis inhibitor,and HDDM groups demonstrated decreased striatal TNF-α,IL-8,IL-1β,MDA,and ROS levels (P<0.05,P<0.01),while TH, Beclin-1,LC3B-positive cells,GSH-Px,GPX4,NE,and DA levels were significantly increased (P<0.05,P< 0.01) . Compared with the model group,the expression levels of TH,Beclin-1,and LC3B-positive cells in the Madopar ,ferroptosis inhibitor,and HDDM groups were significantly increased (P<0.05,P<0.01) .The expression level of LC3B-positive cells in the autophagy inhibitor group was lower than that in the model group (P<0.01),but the expression levels of TH and Beclin-1-positive cells were significantly higher than those in the model group (P< 0.05, P<0.01) . (3) Compared with the normal group,model mice showed reduced striatal Beclin-1 and FTH1 protein expression (P<0.01), but elevated TFR1 (P<0.01) . HDDM high-dose,autophagy inhibitor,and ferroptosis inhibitor groups displayed decreased TFR1 (P<0.01) and increased FTH1 (P<0.01) versus model group. Except ferroptosis inhibitor group,HDDM high-dose and autophagy inhibitor groups showed significantly elevated Beclin-1 protein expression (P<0.05, P<0.01) . Conclusion HDDM alleviates PD symptoms potentially by inhibiting autophagy and ferroptosis through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,thereby reducing striatal dopaminergic neuron degeneration and exerting neuroprotection.
[中图分类号]
R285.5
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目 (31900297) ;广东省基础与应用基础研究基金自然科学基金项目 (2025A1515012239) ;广东省重点学科科研 项目 (2019-GDXK-0025,2021ZDJS035) ;广州市科学技术局项目 (2023A03J0744) ;广东省普通高校重点科研平台和项目 (2021KCXTD054) ; 广东省普通高校特色创新类项目 (2023KTSCX069) 。