[关键词]
[摘要]
目的 探究枸杞多糖通过 MAP3K3 通路降低程序性死亡配体 1 (PD-L1) 表达从而抗肺腺癌的作用及其机 制。方法 (1) 体内实验:构建小鼠皮下肺腺癌移植瘤模型,观察枸杞多糖低、中、高 (25、50、100 mg·kg-1 ) 剂量用药对小鼠肿瘤生长及免疫器官的影响。 (2) 体外实验:枸杞多糖 0.25、0.5、1 mg·mL-1 处理 H1299、A549 细胞 48 h,CCK-8 法及平板克隆形成法检测各组细胞增殖情况,Western Blot 及 RT-qPCR 法检测各组 PD-L1 蛋白和 mRNA 表达水平;建立来自健康人外周血激活的 T 淋巴细胞 (PBMC) 与肺腺癌细胞共培养体系,观察枸 杞多糖用药前后对 PBMC 免疫杀伤作用的影响;1 mg·mL-1 枸杞多糖干预 H1299 细胞后进行转录组学测序,筛 选差异表达基因,并进行 KEGG 富集分析。以 Western Blot 和 RT-qPCR 法检测枸杞多糖用药后肺腺癌细胞 MAP3K3 蛋白和 mRNA 表达水平。 (3) 回复实验:构建 MAP3K3 过表达 A549 人肺腺癌细胞株 (A549 MAP3K3 OE) ,Western Blot 法检测枸杞多糖用药后其 PD-L1 蛋白表达情况,并观察 MAP3K3 基因过表达前后以及枸杞 多糖干预前后,PBMC 对肺腺癌细胞免疫杀伤功能的影响。结果 (1) 与对照组比较,枸杞多糖用药组瘤质量 明显下降 (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001) ;肿瘤组织病理学观察发现细胞密度降低,间质淋巴细胞浸润增多; 枸杞多糖用药组免疫器官脾脏系数上升 (P<0.05) 。 (2) 枸杞多糖处理人肺腺癌细胞 48 h 后细胞增殖活力无明显 变化 (P>0.05) ;枸杞多糖用药后细胞 PD-L1 蛋白和 mRNA 表达水平均下降 (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001) ; 枸杞多糖可增强激活的 PBMC 对肺腺癌细胞的免疫杀伤作用 (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001) ;转录组学测序差 异基因主要富集在 MAPK 通路;枸杞多糖用药组细胞 MAP3K3 蛋白和 mRNA 表达水平下调 (P<0.05,P< 0.01,P<0.001)。 (3)A549 MAP3K3 OE 肺腺癌细胞中 PD-L1 高表达(P<0.01);共培养实验发现 A549 MAP3K3 OE 细胞对激活的 PBMC 免疫杀伤作用具有一定的抵抗性 (P<0.001) ,而枸杞多糖干预后,可一定程 度恢复 PBMC 对 A549 MAP3K3 OE 细胞的杀伤敏感性 (P<0.01,P<0.001) 。结论 枸杞多糖通过下调肺腺癌 细胞 MAP3K3 基因及 PD-L1 表达,改善体外培养体系中激活 PBMC 的免疫杀伤功能,这可能是枸杞多糖抗肺 腺癌的作用机制之一。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective:This study aims to investigate the anti-lung adenocarcinoma effects and underlying mechanisms of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) in suppressing PD-L1 expression via the MAP3K3 pathway. Methods (1) In vivo experiments:A subcutaneous lung adenocarcinoma xenograft model was established in mice to evaluate the effects of low-,medium-,and high-dose LBP (25,50,and 100 mg·kg-1 ) on tumor growth and immune organ indices. (2) In vitro experiments:H1299 and A549 cells were treated with LBP (0.25,0.5,and 1 mg·mL-1 ) for 48 hours. Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK-8 and colony formation assays,while PD-L1 protein and mRNA expression levels were measured via Western Blot and RT-qPCR. A co-culture system of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and lung adenocarcinoma cells was established to examine the immunomodulatory effects of LBP on PBMC-mediated tumor cell killing. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on H1299 cells treated with 1 mg·mL-1 LBP to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs),followed by KEGG enrichment analysis. Western Blot and RT-qPCR were used to validate MAP3K3 expression changes in lung adenocarcinoma cells post-LBP treatment. (3) Rescue experiments:A MAP3K3-overexpressing A549 cell line (A549 MAP3K3 OE) was constructed. PD-L1 protein expression was assessed by Western Blot after LBP treatment, and the impact of MAP3K3 overexpression and LBP intervention on PBMC-mediated cytotoxicity was evaluated. Results (1) Compared with the control group,LBP treatment significantly reduced tumor weight (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001) and decreased tumor cell density while increasing stromal lymphocyte infiltration. The spleen and thymus indices were elevated in LBP- treated mice (P<0.05) . (2) LBP did not significantly alter the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells after 48 h ours of treatment but downregulated PD-L1 protein and mRNA expression (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001) . LBP enhanced the cytotoxic activity of activated PBMCs against lung adenocarcinoma cells (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001) . Transcriptome sequencing revealed DEGs primarily enriched in the MAPK pathway. MAP3K3 protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly downregulated in LBP-treated cells (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001) . (3) A549 MAP3K3 OE cells exhibited elevated PD-L1 expression (P<0.01) and resistance to PBMC-mediated killing (P< 0.001) . However,LBP treatment partially restored PBMC cytotoxicity against A549 MAP3K3 OE cells (P<0.01,P< 0.001) . Conclusion LBP suppresses lung adenocarcinoma progression by downregulating MAP3K3 and PD-L1 expression,thereby enhancing PBMC-mediated immune cytotoxicity in vitro. This mechanism may contribute to the anti-tumor effects of LBP against lung adenocarcinoma.
[中图分类号]
R285.5
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金资助项目 (81873154)。