[关键词]
[摘要]
目的 基于 NOD 样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白 3 (NLRP3) /白细胞介素 1β (IL-1β) 通路探讨左归降糖舒 心方调控巨噬细胞焦亡对糖尿病动脉粥样硬化小鼠的作用及机制。方法 Apoe-/- 雄性小鼠适应性饲养 1 周后, 给予小剂量链脲佐菌素 (40 mg·kg-1 ) 腹腔注射,每日 1 次,连续 5 d;检测小鼠空腹血糖 (FBG) >11.1 mmol·L-1 后,继续以高脂饲料喂养12周。造模结束后,按照随机数字表法将造模小鼠分为模型组、二甲双胍组 (0.065 g·kg-1 ) 及左归降糖舒心方组 (28.86 g·kg-1 ) ,另取 C57BL/6 雄性小鼠作为空白对照组,每组各 5 只。各给药组按照上述 剂量灌胃给药,空白对照组及模型组给予等量蒸馏水灌胃,每天 1 次,连续 8 周。采用全自动生化分析仪检测 小鼠血清甘油三酯 (TG) 、总胆固醇 (TC) 水平;采用血糖仪检测 FBG 水平;ELISA 法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子 α (TNF-α) 、白细胞介素 18 (IL-18) 、IL-1β 水平;HE、Masson 染色法观察主动脉组织病理变化;免疫荧光法检 测主动脉组织 CD68、Caspase-1 蛋白表达情况;Western Bolt 法检测主动脉组织 NLRP3/IL-1β 通路相关蛋白的 表达水平。结果 与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠的 FBG 及血清 TC、TG、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18 水平均显 著升高 (P<0.01) ;可见主动脉血管内膜增厚、褶皱明显,存在大面积粥样斑块突出管腔,高倍镜下可见斑块 内胆固醇结晶,内膜下泡沫细胞及脂质堆积,纤维帽形成,斑块内胶原含量少;主动脉组织 CD68、Caspase-1 荧光强度明显增强,蛋白共表达水平显著上调 (P<0.01) ;主动脉组织 NLRP3、IL-1β 及 GSDMD-N 蛋白表达 水平均显著升高 (P<0.01) 。与模型组比较,左归降糖舒心方组及二甲双胍组小鼠的 FBG 及血清 TC、TG、 TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18 水平均显著降低 (P<0.01) ;主动脉管腔狭窄及斑块病变均有不同程度改善,散在粥样 斑块,未见钙盐沉积及明显泡沫细胞堆积,且斑块内胶原含量增高,斑块稳定性增强;主动脉组织 CD68、 Caspase-1 荧光强度明显减弱,蛋白共表达水平显著下调 (P<0.01) ;主动脉组织 NLRP3、IL-1β 及 GSDMD-N 蛋白表达水平均显著降低 (P<0.05,P<0.01) 。结论 左归降糖舒心方可降低糖尿病动脉粥样硬化小鼠的血 糖、血脂及炎症因子水平,抑制主动脉粥样斑块的形成,其作用机制可能与调节 NLRP3/IL-1β 信号通路抑制 巨噬细胞焦亡相关。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Shuxin Formula (ZJSF) on macrophage pyroptosis in diabetic atherosclerotic mice through the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) / interleukin-1β (IL-1β) pathway. Methods Male Apoe-/- mice were acclimatized for 1 week, then injected intraperitoneally with low-dose streptozotocin (40 mg·kg-1 ) once daily for 5 consecutive days. After confirming fasting blood glucose (FBG) >11.1 mmol·L-1 ,mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. After modeling,mice were randomly divided into model,Metformin (0.065 g·kg-1 ),and ZJSF (28.86 g·kg-1 ) groups (n=5 each),with C57BL/6 male mice as blank controls. Treatments were administered via gavage once daily for 8 weeks,while controls received distilled water. Serum triglycerides (TG) ,total cholesterol (TC) were detected by the automatic biochemical analyzer, FBG was tested by the glucometer,TNF-α,IL-18,and IL-1β levels were measured by ELISA. Aortic histopathology was assessed via HE and Masson staining;CD68 and Caspase-1 expression was detected by immunofluorescence; NLRP3/IL-1β pathway proteins were analyzed by Western Blot. Results Compared with blank controls,model mice showed significantly elevated FBG,TC,TG,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-18 (P<0.01);aortic intimal thickening, plaque protrusion,cholesterol crystals,foam cell accumulation,and thin fibrous caps were observed. CD68/Caspase-1 co-expression and NLRP3,IL-1β,GSDMD-N protein levels were upregulated (P<0.01) . Compared with the model group,ZJSF and Metformin groups exhibited reduced metabolic/inflammatory markers (P<0.01),mitigated plaque formation, increased collagen content, and downregulated protein expression of CD68/Caspase-1 fluorescence intensity (P<0.01) and NLRP3/IL-1β/GSDMD-N (P<0.05, P<0.01) . Conclusion ZJSF improves glucolipid metabolism,attenuates inflammation,and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques,potentially by suppressing macrophage pyroptosis via NLRP3/IL-1β pathway modulation.
[中图分类号]
R285.5
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目 (82205077) ;湖南省自然科学基金项目 (2022JJ40315) ;湖南省教育厅资助科研项目 (21B0390) ;湖南省卫生 健康委科研计划项目 (D202303067601) ;中药粉体与创新药物省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金项目 (21PTKF1016) 。