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[摘要]
目的 基于抗炎、抗氧化作用机制探讨熊果酸对顺铂致肾毒性小鼠的保护作用。方法 将 30 只雄性 C57BL/6 小鼠随机分为 6 组:正常对照组、模型组、熊果酸低剂量治疗组 (50 mg·kg-1 ) 、熊果酸高剂量治疗组 (100 mg·kg-1 ) 、地塞米松治疗组 (4 mg·kg-1 ) 及熊果酸单药组 (100 mg·kg-1 ) ,每组 5 只。熊果酸低、高剂量组及 地塞米松治疗组、熊果酸单药组分别按上述剂量连续给药 4 d,每日 1次;其中熊果酸采用灌胃给药 (5 mL·kg-1 ) , 地塞米松采用腹腔注射给药;正常对照组及模型组给予等体积 0.5%羟甲基纤维素钠 (CMC-Na) 溶液灌胃。除 正常对照组及熊果酸单药组外,其余各组于给药周期的第 2 天单次腹腔注射顺铂 (15 mg·kg-1 ) 复制肾损伤小 鼠模型。计算小鼠肾脏指数并进行生化指标检测。肾功能指标检测血清中的尿酸 (UA) 、尿素氮 (BUN) 、血肌 酐 (Scr) 含量;氧化应激指标检测血清谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 水平及肾脏组织中的丙二醛 (MDA) 含量、超氧化物歧化 酶 (SOD) 活性;ELISA 法检测肾组织中炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子 α (TNF-α) 水平。采用 Western Blot 法检测肾脏组 织中 p-STAT3/STAT3、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65、p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK 蛋白表达比值;HE 染色法观察肾脏 组织病理变化。结果 与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠的肾脏指数明显升高 (P<0.05) ,肾小球及肾小管损伤 评分均显著升高 (P<0.001) ,血清 BUN、Scr、UA 水平均显著升高 (P<0.05,P<0.001) ,血清 GSH 水平及肾 脏组织 SOD 活性均明显下降 (P<0.05,P<0.01) ,肾脏组织 MDA 含量显著升高 (P<0.001) ,肾脏组织的 TNF-α 水平及 p-STAT3/STAT3、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65、p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK 蛋白表达比值均显著升高 (P<0.01,P<0.001) 。与模型组比较,熊果酸高剂量治疗组及地塞米松治疗组小鼠的肾脏指数均明显降低 (P<0.05) ;熊果酸低、高剂量治疗组小鼠的肾小球及肾小管损伤评分均显著降低 (P<0.05,P<0.001) ,血清 BUN、Scr、UA 水平均显著降低 (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001) ,血清 GSH 水平及肾脏组织 SOD 活性显著升 高(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),肾脏组织 MDA 含量显著降低(P<0.001),肾脏组织 TNF-α 水平及 p- STAT3/STAT3、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 蛋白表达比值均显著降低 (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001) ;熊果酸高 剂量治疗组小鼠肾脏组织的 p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK 蛋白表达比值显著降低 (P<0.01) 。结论 熊果酸能够有 效减轻顺铂诱导的小鼠肾毒性,改善肾脏组织病理损伤,其作用机制可能与抑制肾脏急性炎症及氧化应激反应 有关。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To investigate the protective effects of ursolic acid against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice based on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Methods Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=5 per group) :normal control group,model group,low-dose ursolic acid treatment group (50 mg·kg-1 ) ,high-dose ursolic acid treatment group (100 mg·kg-1 ),dexamethasone treatment group (4 mg·kg-1 ), and ursolic acid monotherapy group (100 mg·kg-1 ) . The low- and high-dose ursolic acid groups and the dexamethasone group received daily treatments for 4 consecutive. Ursolic acid was administered via oral gavage (5 mL·kg-1 ),while dexamethasone was administered via intraperitoneal injection. The normal control group and model group received an equivalent volume of 0.5%CMC-Na solution via oral gavage. Except for the control and ursolic acid monotherapy groups, all other groups were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin (15 mg·kg-1 ) on the second day of the treatment period to establish a renal injury model. The kidney index was calculated,and biochemical analyses were performed. Renal function markers:serum uric acid (UA) ,blood urea nitrogen (BUN) ,and serum creatinine (Scr) levels;Oxidative stress markers:serum glutathione (GSH) levels,renal malondialdehyde (MDA) content,and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity;Renal tissue TNF- α levels were measured by ELISA. Western Blot was used to determine the expression ratios of p-STAT3/STAT3,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65,and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK in renal tissues. Renal histopathological changes were assessed via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Results Compared with the normal control group, the model group exhibited a significantly increased kidney index (P<0.05), elevated glomerular and tubular injury scores (P<0.001) ,and markedly higher serum BUN,Scr,and UA levels (P<0.05, P<0.001) . Additionally,serum GSH levels and renal SOD activity were significantly reduced (P<0.05,P<0.01) , while renal MDA content was notably increased (P<0.001) . Renal TNF-α levels and the expression ratios of p-STAT3/ STAT3,p-NF- κB p65/NF- κB p65,and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK were all significantly elevated (P<0.01,P< 0.001) . Compared with the model group,the high-dose ursolic acid and Dexamethasone treatment groups showed significantly reduced kidney indices (P<0.05) . Both low- and high-dose ursolic acid treatment groups exhibited significantly lower glomerular and tubular injury scores (P<0.05,P<0.001) ,decreased serum BUN,Scr,and UA levels (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001) ,elevated serum GSH levels and renal SOD activity (P<0.05,P<0.01,P< 0.001),and reduced renal MDA content (P<0.001) . Furthermore,renal TNF-α levels and the expression ratios of p-STAT3/STAT3 and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 were significantly decreased (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001) . The high-dose ursolic acid group also demonstrated a significant reduction in the p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK expression ratio (P<0.01) . Conclusion Ursolic acid effectively alleviates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and improves renal histopathological damage,likely through suppression of acute renal inflammation and oxidative stress.
[中图分类号]
R285.5
[基金项目]
广东省科技厅基础与应用基础研究基金项目 (2022A1515011881);广西青苗人才项目 (DC2400003575)。