[关键词]
[摘要]
目的 基于 miR-29a 探讨美洲大蠊提取物(PAE)治疗溃疡性结肠炎(UC)小鼠的作用机制。方法 采用 3% 葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导 UC 小鼠模型。将 60 只雄性 BALB/c 小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及 PAE 低 (50 mg·kg-1 )、中(100 mg·kg-1 )、高(200 mg·kg-1 )剂量组,每组 12 只。对照组和模型组小鼠给予纯净水灌胃, PAE 低、中、高剂量组小鼠给予相应浓度的 PAE 灌胃,每天 1 次,连续治疗 7 d。采用疾病活动指数(DAI)、 体质量、结肠长度评估小鼠 UC 症状的严重程度;HE 染色法评估小鼠结肠组织病理损伤;ELISA 法测定血清 中白细胞介素 10(IL-10)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素 1β(IL-1β)及结肠组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平; RT-qPCR 法检测结肠组织中 miR-29a、磷酸酶与张力蛋白同源物(PTEN)、磷脂酰肌醇 3 激酶(PI3K) mRNA 表 达水平;Western Blot 法检测结肠组织中 PTEN、PI3K、蛋白激酶 B(AKT)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、 磷酸化 PI3K(p-PI3K)、磷酸化 AKT(p-AKT)、磷酸化 mTOR(p-mTOR)蛋白表达水平;流式细胞术检测脾脏调 节性 T 细胞(Treg)含量。结果 (1)与对照组比较,模型组小鼠体质量降低(P<0.01),结肠组织黏膜层有大量 炎性细胞浸润,隐窝的大小和形态不规则,排列紊乱,杯状细胞数量减少,结肠长度缩短(P<0.01),DAI 评 分升高(P<0.01)。经 PAE 给药后,PAE 高剂量组小鼠体质量升高(P<0.05),结肠炎症细胞浸润程度减轻, 隐窝结构恢复,呈现出更加规则和整齐的形态,杯状细胞的数量增加,PAE 中、高剂量组结肠长度明显增加 (P<0.05,P<0.01),高剂量组 DAI 评分降低(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组比较,模型组小鼠血清 IL-10、脾脏 Treg 细胞含量降低(P<0.01),血清 IL-1β、IFN-γ 及结肠组织 MPO 水平明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与模型组 比较,各 PAE 给药组小鼠血清 IL-1β、IFN-γ 水平降低(P<0.01),血清 IL-10 水平升高(P<0.01);PAE 高剂 量组结肠组织 MPO 水平较模型组降低(P<0.01),脾脏中 Treg 细胞含量升高(P<0.01)。(3)与对照组比较,模 型组小鼠结肠组织 PTEN mRNA 及蛋白水平降低(P<0.01),miR-29a、PI3K mRNA 表达及 p-PI3K/PI3K、 p-AKT/AKT、p-mTOR/mTOR 蛋白表达显著增加(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,PAE 高剂量组小鼠结肠组织 PTEN 蛋白表达与 PAE 中剂量组 PTEN mRNA 表达明显升高(P<0.01);PAE 高剂量组小鼠结肠组织 miR-29a、 PI3K mRNA 表达及 PAE 中、高剂量组小鼠结肠组织 p-AKT/AKT 和 p-mTOR/mTOR 蛋白表达明显较模型组降 低(P<0.05,P<0.01),p-PI3K/PI3K 蛋白表达有降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PAE 能 有效改善 UC 小鼠的症状和病理损伤,抑制肠道炎症,其机制可能与下调 miR-29a 表达,调控 PTEN 介导 PI3K/AKT/mTOR 信号通路,升高 Treg 细胞比例有关。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To explore the mechanism of Periplaneta americana extract (PAE) in treating ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice based on miR-29a. Methods A UC mouse model was induced using 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Sixty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a control group,model group,and PAE low- (50 mg·kg-1 ), medium- (100 mg·kg-1 ),and high-dose (200 mg·kg-1 ) groups,with 12 mice per group. The control and model groups received purified water via gavage, while the PAE groups received corresponding doses of PAE. All administration groups were treated once daily for 7 consecutive days. Disease severity was assessed using the disease activity index (DAI),body mass,and colon length. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining evaluated histopathological damage in colon tissues. Serum levels of interleukin-10(IL-10),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β), as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in colon tissues were measured via ELISA. The mRNA expression of miR- 29a, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in colon tissues was detected by RT-qPCR. The protein expression of PTEN, PI3K, protein kinase B (AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR),phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K),phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT),and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) was analyzed by Western Blot. The splenic regulatory T cells (Tregs) was quantified by flow cytometry. Results (1) Compared to the control group,the model group exhibited reduced body mass (P<0.01),inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon mucosa,irregular crypt morphology,disorganized crypt arrangement,decreased goblet cell numbers,shortened colon length (P<0.01),and elevated DAI scores (P<0.01). After PAE treatment,the high-dose PAE group showed increased body mass (P<0.05),reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,restored crypt structure, improved crypt morphology, increased goblet cell numbers, and significantly longer colon length in the medium- and high-dose PAE groups (P<0.05,P<0.01). The high-dose PAE group also had decreased DAI scores (P<0.05). (2) Compared to the control group,the model group had lower serum IL-10 and splenic Treg levels (P< 0.01) but higher serum IL-1β,IFN-γ,and colon MPO levels (P<0.05,P<0.01). PAE treatment reduced serum IL-1β and IFN-γ (P<0.01),increased serum IL-10 (P<0.01),decreased colon MPO in the high-dose PAE group (P<0.01), and elevated splenic Tregs (P<0.01). (3) The model group showed reduced mRNA and protein expression of PTEN (P<0.01) but increased mRNA expression of miR-29a and PI3K,and increased protein levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the protein expression of PTEN in the colon tissue of the high-dose PAE group and the mRNA expression of PTEN in the mediumdose PAE group were significantly increased (P<0.01);the mRNA expression of miR-29a and PI3K in the colon tissue of the high-dose PAE group,as well as the ratios of p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR protein expression in the colon tissues of the medium- and high-dose PAE groups,were significantly decreased (P<0.05,P<0.01). The ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K protein expression showed a decreasing trend,but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion PAE alleviates UC symptoms and pathological damage, likely by suppressing miR-29a,modulating the PTEN mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway,and increasing Treg proportions.
[中图分类号]
R285.5
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金青年项目(82104501);广州中医药大学第一附属医院国家中医药传承创新中心科研专项(2022QN03);广东省教育厅 高校科研项目重点专项(2024ZDZX2040);广东省中医药局科研平台专项(20254037);国家中医药传承创新发展示范试点项目-广州中医药大学与 中山市中医院高水平医院共建项目科研专项(GZYZS2024G11,GZYZS2024G10);广东省医院药学研究基金项目(2024A22)。