[关键词]
[摘要]
目的 基于长链非编码 RNA(lncRNA)/信使 RNA(mRNA)表达谱探讨苓桂术甘汤干预 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM)大鼠胰岛素抵抗及糖脂代谢的作用机制。方法 用高糖高脂饲料喂养 4 周联合一次性腹腔注射链脲佐 菌素(35 mg·kg-1 )复制 T2DM 大鼠模型。将大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、苓桂术甘汤(11 g·kg-1 )组、二甲双 胍(0.17 g·kg-1 )组及苓桂术甘汤(11 g·kg-1 )+二甲双胍(0.17 g·kg-1 )组,每组 10 只。在继续高糖高脂饲料喂养的 同时灌胃给药,每日 1 次,持续 4 周。采用全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、 甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转 氨酶(AST)、肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)水平;采用 ELISA 法检测血清空腹胰岛素(FINs)水平,计算胰岛素抵 抗指数(HOMA-IR);HE 染色法观察肝脏组织病理变化;采用高通量芯片测序技术对苓桂术甘汤组及模型组大 鼠肝脏组织的 lncRNA/mRNA 表达谱进行分析,筛选出差异 lncRNA 的靶基因与差异 mRNA 的共集基因(差异 共集基因),并进行 GO 功能及 KEGG 通路富集分析。结果 与空白组比较,模型组大鼠的体质量显著下降(P< 0.01),FPG、FINs、HOMA-IR 显著升高(P<0.01);TC、TG、LDL-C 水平均显著升高(P<0.01),HDL-C 水 平显著降低(P<0.01);ALT、AST 水平显著升高(P<0.01),SCr、BUN 水平无明显变化(P>0.05);大鼠肝细 胞出现水肿,细胞质内脂肪滴聚集严重,排列紊乱,有炎性细胞浸润。与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠的体质量 显著升高(P<0.01),FINs、HOMA-IR 显著降低(P<0.01);二甲双胍组及苓桂术甘汤+二甲双胍组的 FPG 显 著降低(P<0.01),苓桂术甘汤组的 FPG 无明显变化(P>0.05);各给药组的 TC、TG、LDL-C 水平显著下降 (P<0.01),HDL-C 水平显著升高(P<0.01),ALT、AST 水平显著下降(P<0.01),SCr、BUN 水平无明显变化 (P>0.05);各给药组大鼠肝细胞水肿、脂肪变性、排列紊乱及炎症浸润情况均有不同程度改善。与二甲双胍 组比较,苓桂术甘汤+二甲双胍组的 FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C 水平显著降低(P<0.01), HDL-C 水平显著升高(P<0.01)。共获得差异共集基因 1 072 个,其中上调基因 548 个,下调基因 524 个;显 著上调基因包括 PLEKHA6、CFAP57、AABR07016865.1 等,显著下调基因包括 TUG1、MRKN1、ABHD5 等; 主要涉及 1 型糖尿病胰岛素信号通路、自身免疫性甲状腺疾病通路等。结论 苓桂术甘汤能够改善 T2DM 大鼠 胰岛素抵抗及肝脏组织病理损伤,具有降脂、降低转氨酶的作用,其机制可能与调控 TUG1、MRKN1、 ABHD5 等 lncRNA/mRNA 表达谱差异基因及下游信号通路有关,相关结果有待进一步的实验验证。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To investigate the mechanism of Linggui Zhugan Decoction (LGZGD) in improving insulin resistance (IR) and glucose-lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats based on long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)/messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles. Methods T2DM rat models were established by feeding a high-sugar/high-fat diet for 4 weeks combined with a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (35 mg·kg-1 ). Rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10 per group):blank group,model group,LGZGD group(11 g·kg-1 ), Metformin group (0.17 g·kg-1 ),and LGZGD + Metformin group (11 g·kg-1 + 0.17 g·kg-1 ). All groups continued the high-sugar/high-fat diet and received daily intragastric administration for 4 weeks. Serum levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),creatinine (SCr),and urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Fasting insulin (FINs) levels were detected by ELISA,and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Liver histopathology was observed via HE staining. High-throughput microarray sequencing was used to analyze lncRNA/mRNA expression profiles in liver tissues of the LGZGD and model groups. Differentially co-expressed genes (DCGs) between differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were screened, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Results Compared with the blank group,the model group showed significantly decreased body mass (P<0.01),elevated FPG,FINs,and HOMA-IR (P<0.01),increased TC, TG,and LDL-C levels (P<0.01),decreased HDL-C (P<0.01),elevated ALT and AST (P<0.01),unchanged SCr and BUN (P>0.05),and severe hepatocellular edema,lipid droplet accumulation,disordered arrangement, and inflammatory infiltration. Compared with the model group, all treatment groups exhibited significantly increased body mass (P<0.01),reduced FINS and HOMA-IR (P<0.01) . The Metformin and LGZGD + Metformin groups showed significantly reduced FPG (P<0.01),while the LGZGD group showed no significant change in FPG (P> 0.05). All treatment groups showed significant decreases in TC,TG,and LDL-C levels (P>0.01),along with a significant increase in HDL-C levels (P<0.01). Additionally,ALT and AST levels were markedly reduced (P<0.01), whereas Scr and BUN levels showed no significant changes (P>0.05). Pathological examination indicated improvements in hepatic lesions, including alleviated hepatocellular edema, reduced steatosis, restored cellular arrangement,and diminished inflammatory infiltration in all treatment groups. Compared with the Metformin group,the Linggui Zhugan Decoction plus Metformin group exhibited significantly lower FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels (P < 0.01), as well as higher HDL-C levels (P < 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis identified 1 072 differentially co-expressed genes , including 548 upregulated genes(e.g. , PLEKHA6 , CFAP57 , and AABR07016865.1) and 524 downregulated genes (e.g.,TUG1,MRKN1,and ABHD5). These genes were primarily enriched in pathways related to the type 1 diabetes mellitus insulin signaling pathway and autoimmune thyroid disease pathway. Conclusion LGZGD improves IR and liver histopathological damage in T2DM rats,reduces lipid levels and transaminase activity, potentially through regulating lncRNA/mRNA expression profiles (e. g., TUG1, MRKN1, ABHD5) and downstream signaling pathways. Further experimental validation is required.
[中图分类号]
R285.5
[基金项目]
广东省中医药局科研项目(20212194);深圳市宝安区基础研究项目(2021JD146); 深圳市宝安中医药发展基金会项目(2020KJCXKTYJ-22)