目的 基于网络药理学和体内实验探讨苇芩泻白汤对急性肺损伤（ALI）的治疗机制。方法 （1）使用 TCMSP 数据库筛选苇芩泻白汤的活性成分及其潜在作用靶点信息，在 OMIM、TTD 和 GeneCards 等数据库中获 取与急性肺损伤相关的疾病靶点。采用 Cytoscape 3.10 软件构建“中药-活性成分-共有靶点”网络，并分析主 要活性成分；借助 STRING 数据库建立共有靶点的蛋白互作（PPI）网络。此外，对共有靶点进行 GO 功能富集 和 KEGG 通路富集分析。（2）采用气管注射脂多糖建立急性肺损伤小鼠模型，并使用苇芩泻白汤干预。采用 HE 染色法观察肺组织病理变化；采用免疫组化和 RT-qPCR 法分别检测组织中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、IFN-γ、 白细胞介素（IL）-4 的蛋白和 mRNA 表达水平。结果 （1）共鉴定出苇芩泻白汤活性成分 161 种，潜在靶点 207 个，与急性肺损伤相关的靶点 1 523 个，交集得到 119 个共有靶点，其中 17 个核心靶点包括 IL-2、IL-4、 IL-10、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β 和 IFN-γ，分析得到的主要活性成分包括槲皮素、山柰酚、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇、 金合欢素。KEGG 通路富集分析提示主要涉及 PI3K-Akt、MAPK、IL-17、Toll 和 Th1/Th2 等信号通路。（2）HE 染色结果显示，苇芩泻白汤可显著降低急性肺损伤小鼠 HE 评分（P＜0.05）。苇芩泻白汤高剂量组治疗后 TNF-α、 IFN-γ 蛋白和 mRNA 表达水平显著下降（P＜0.05，P＜0.01，P＜0.000 1），而 IL-4 蛋白和 mRNA 表达水平显著 上升（P＜0.01）。结论 苇芩泻白汤通过多成分、多靶点及多通路作用于急性肺损伤，动物实验结果提示急性 肺损伤伴随 Th1/Th2 失衡，而苇芩泻白汤能够纠正这一失衡。

Objective To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Weiqin Xiebai Decoction on acute lung injury （ALI） based on network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. Methods （1） TCMSP database was used to screen the active components of Weiqin Xiebai Decoction and its potential target information，and disease targets related to acute lung injury were obtained in OMIM， TTD and GeneCards databases. Cytoscape 3.10 software was used to construct the network of “Chinese medicines-active ingredients-common targets”，and the main active ingredients were analyzed. The protein-protein interaction （PPI） network of common targets was established with the help of STRING database. In addition，GO function enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the common targets. （2） The mouse model of acute lung injury was established by intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide and Weiqin Xiebai Decoction was used to intervene. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by HE staining. The protein and mRNA expression levels of TNF-α，IFN-γ and IL-4 in tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR， respectively. Results （1） A total of 161 active components， 207 potential targets and 1 523 targets related to acute lung injury were identified in Weiqin Xiebai Decoction， and 119 common targets were obtained by intersection. Among them，17 core targets included IL-2，IL-4，IL-10，IL-6，TNF-α，IL-1β and IFN-γ. The main active components were quercetin， kaempferol， stigmasterol， β -sitosterol and acacetin. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that it mainly involved PI3K-Akt， MAPK， IL-17， Toll and Th1/Th2 signaling pathways. （2） The results of HE staining showed that Weiqin Xiebai Decoction could significantly reduce the HE score of mice with acute lung injury （P＜0.05） . After treatment，the protein and mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the high-dose group were significantly decreased （P＜0.05，P＜0.01，P＜0.000 1），while the protein and mRNA expression levels of IL-4 were significantly increased （P＜0.01）. Conclusion Weiqin Xiebai Decoction acts on acute lung injury through multi-component，multi-target and multi-pathway. The results of animal experiments suggest that acute lung injury is accompanied by Th1/Th2 imbalance，and Weiqin Xiebai Decoction can correct this imbalance.

R285.5

国家自然科学基金项目（82274381）；国家中医药传承创新科研专项项目（2022QN24）；东莞市临床重点专科建设项目（东卫函[2021]7号）。