目的 探究凉粉草黄酮类化合物代谢途径的关键基因并比较花不同发育时期（现蕾期、开花期、凋谢期）叶片中的相关基因变化。方法 以凉粉草两种栽培品系平远草和台湾草现蕾期、开花期、凋谢期 3 个时期的叶片为供试材料，运用 Illumina NovaSeq 6000 测序平台进行转录组测序和生物信息学分析。结果 转录数据组装并去冗余得到 99 945 条 unigene，其中有 56 362 条 unigene 成功注释。30 116 条 unigene 在 KOG 数据库中比对获得注释，一般功能预测是最多的一个类群；44 461 条 unigene 在 GO 数据库中比对获得注释，根据功能分为生物进程、细胞组分、分子功能 3 个 GO 类别 57 个小组。筛选得到 7 466 条差异基因，经过 KEGG 富集分析，差异基因主要富集在植物-病原体相互作用、植物激素信号转导、MAPK 信号通路-植物、苯丙烷类生物合成等通路上。51 条差异基因与黄酮类生物合成相关，借助基因表达规律的分析，发现两栽培品系基因在同一时期的表达基本一致，现蕾期、开花期与凋谢期 3 个时期的表达差异显著。随机选取 5 个差异基因进行 RT-qPCR 验证，结果表明其基因表达与转录组基本一致。结论 该研究探知了两种栽培品系中黄酮类化合物代谢途径的关键基因及其在花各发育时期叶片中的表达模式，为探索凉粉草黄酮类生物合成提供了理论基础。

Objective To explore the key genes in the flavonoid metabolic pathway of Mesona chinensis Benth and to compare the changes of related genes in leaves at different flower developmental periods （budding，blossoming and withering） . Methods Leaves of two cultivars of M. chinensis，Pingyuan grass and Taiwan grass，were used as test materials at three periods （budding，blossoming，and withering），and were subjected to transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing platform. Results A total of 99 945 unigenes were obtained from transcript data assembly and de-redundancy，of which 56 362 unigenes were successfully annotated. 30 116 unigenes were compared with the KOG database to obtain annotations，and the general function prediction was the most numerous group. 44 461 unigenes were compared in the GO database to obtain annotations. These unigenes were classified into three GO categories： biological processes， cellular components， and molecular functions according to the functions，with 57 subgroups. The screening yielded 7 466 differentially expressed genes，and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differential genes were mainly enriched in the pathways of plant-pathogen interactions，plant hormone signal transduction，MAPK signaling pathway-plant，and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. A total of 51 differentially expressed genes were related to flavonoid biosynthesis. It was found that the gene expressions of the two cultivars were basically the same in the same period with the help of gene expression analysis，and the expression differences were significant at budding， blossoming and withering stages. Five differential genes were randomly selected for RT-qPCR verification，and the results showed that the gene expression results were basically consistent with the transcriptome expression profile. Conclusion The study identified the key genes of flavonoid metabolism pathway and their expression patterns in the leaves of the two cultivars during the various stages of flower development，which provided a theoretical basis for the exploration of flavonoid biosynthesis in M. chinensis.

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国家中医药管理局全国中药资源普查项目（GZY-KJS-2018-004）；2019年医疗服务与保障能力提升补助资金（中医药事业传承与发展部分）全国中药资源普查项目（财社[2019]39号）；广东省省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目—广东省南药种业创新园（2022NJS-00-002、粤财农[2022]184号）