目的 分析岭南地区心脑血管疾病、2 型糖尿病共病人群队列的流行病学特征，探讨其发生发展的相关影响因素。方法 采用回顾性队列研究方法，选取 2022 年 5 月至 2023 年 12 月在广州市第十一人民医院进行体检的人群作为研究对象。研究资料主要涉及问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测指标。定义 2022 年为基线，统计分析该人群心脑血管疾病与 2 型糖尿病共病的发生、发展情况，同时分析共病的相关影响因素以及共病人群的中医体质分布情况。结果 最终纳入 26 498 例受试者，其中心脑血管病与 2 型糖尿病共病患者 359 例 （共病组） ，占比为 1.4%；男性 290 人，占比 80.8%，远高于女性；平均年龄为 （61.6 ± 9.5） 岁，显著高于非共病组。共病组病例主要集中于 45 ~ 75 岁年龄段，且未见 35 岁以下人群；其中缺血性心血管疾病与 2 型糖尿病共病 293 例，占比 （81.6%） 远高于其他类型。共病组在性别、年龄、年龄分布、身高、体质量、体质量指数（BMI） 、吸烟、饮酒、婚姻状况、运动锻炼、湿证与否方面与非共病组比较，差异均有统计学意义 （P＜0.05） 。约 1.0% 基线人群由非共病或仅有单一疾病转化为共病，其中缺血性心血管疾病与 2 型糖尿病的新发共病患者比例最高（68.9%）。BMI 超重或肥胖、吸烟、腰围过大、湿证和缺乏运动锻炼构成心脑血管疾病与 2 型糖尿病共病的风险影响因素。共病组中共有 264 例完成了《中医体质量表》评估，其中平和质人群占比最高（31.1%） ，其次为湿热质 （18.2%） 、阳虚质 （13.3%） 和痰湿质 （11.7%） 。结论 岭南地区心脑血管疾病与 2 型糖尿病共病的患病率较高，可能与湿性体质、BMI超重或肥胖、腰围过大、吸烟、湿证、缺乏运动锻炼等因素相关。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of population-based cohort of patients with the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes in Lingnan area，and to study the related influencing factors in the onset and progression of the disease. Methods A retrospective cohort study was used to collect data from people who underwent physical examination in the Eleventh People’ s Hospital of Guangzhou from May 2022 to December 2023. Data mainly included questionnaire surveys， physical examinations， and laboratory testing indicators. The 2022 was defined as the baseline to statistically analyze the occurrence and development of the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes in this population，and to analyze the related influencing factors of comorbidity and distribution of traditional Chinese medicine constitution in comorbidity population. Results Finally，a total of 26 498 subjects were included，from which there were 359 patients with the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes（comorbidity group），accounting for 1.4% of the total. Among them，290 were male，accounting for 80.8%，which is much higher than female. The mean age was（61.6±9.5）years old，which was significantly higher than that of the non-comorbidity group. The cases of comorbidity group were mainly concentrated in the age group of 45-75 years old，and no cases were found in people under 35 years old. There were 293 patients with the comorbidity of ischemic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes，whose proportion （81.6%） is much higher than that of other types. Significant differences between comorbidity group and non-comorbidity group were found in terms of gender，age，age distribution，height，body mass，body mass index （BMI），smoking，alcohol consumption，marital status，exercise，and dampness syndrome （P＜0.05） . About 1.0% of population at the baselined converted from non-comorbidities or single disease to comorbidities. The proportion of newly diagnosed patients with the comorbidity of ischemic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes is the highest，up to 68.9%. BMI overweight or obesity，large waist circumference，smoking，dampness syndrome and exercise were the risk factors affecting the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A total of 264 cases of comorbidity group had finished evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine body constitutions. The proportion of balanced constitution was the highest （31.1%），followed by dampness-heat constitution （18.2%），yang-deficiency constitution （13.3%） and phlegm-dampness constitution （11.7%） . Conclusion The incidence of the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes is high in Lingnan area， which may be related to dampness constitution，BMI overweight or obesity，large waist circumference，smoking，dampness syndrome and lack of exercise.

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国家自然科学基金面上项目 （81974559）；省部共建中医湿证国家重点实验室项目 （SZ2021ZZ06，SZ2021ZZ30，SZ2021ZZ31，SZ2021ZZ32）。