胆碱能抗炎通路（CAP）是近年发现的在神经免疫网络中发挥炎症调节作用的重要抗炎通路。α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（α7 nAChR）是目前较明确的在CAP中发挥关键作用的受体，在免疫细胞上表达的α7 nAChR参与细胞增殖活化及炎症反应的调节，α7 nAChR已成为炎症相关性疾病的药物治疗靶标。本文综述CAP中α7 nAChR的作用机制及对免疫细胞的调节作用，并阐述中医药通过CAP发挥抗炎作用的研究现状。

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7（α7 nAChR） is a receptor which participates in the activation of cell proliferation and the regulation of inflammatory response. It is confirmed that α7 nAChR plays an important role in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway（CAP），and has become the therapeutic target of inflammation-related diseases. This paper reviews the mechanism of α7 nAChR in CAP and the regulatory effect ofα7 nAChR on immune cells，and clarified that CAP may be one of the anti-inflammatory pathway of traditional Chinese medicine.

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