炎症小体（inflammasome）是由多种蛋白组成的复合物，能够调节促炎细胞因子前体半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶（pro-caspases）的活化，进而在固有免疫防御系统中促进白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-18和IL-33细胞因子前体的切割成熟，产生炎症应答。作为炎症反应的核心，炎症小体与阿尔茨海默病、脑脊髓炎、朊病毒病等中枢神经系统疾病的发生和发展密切相关。本文就炎症小体与中枢神经系统疾病关系的研究进展进行综述，希望为神经系统疾病的治疗提供新的方向和靶点。

Inflammasome is a multi-protein complex which can regulate the activation of the precursors of proinflammatory caspases，and promote the precursor forms of interleukin-1β，IL-18 and IL-33 changing into their active forms in the innate immune defense system，hence resulting into a potent inflammatory response. As the core of the inflammatory response，inflammasome has close relationship with the occurrence and development of central nervous system（CNS） diseases，which included Alzheimer's disease，encephalomyelitis，Prion disease，etc. Here we review the progress in relationship between the inflammasome and CNS diseases，thus to provide the new theoretical direction and target of the treatment of CNS diseases in the future.

R971

国家自然科学基金（81100957，81374001）。