流行性感冒是由流感病毒引起的一种急性上呼吸道传染病，可造成急性肺损伤及严重并发症。研究表明，过度免疫应答是引起病理损伤的主要原因之一。本文对甲型流感病毒感染过程中引发的病理性肺损伤的免疫学机制进行综述，为深入了解流感病毒感染防御机制，寻求新的治疗靶点提供参考。

The influenza virus is one of the leading causes of acute respiratory tract infections in humans，which consequently may result in extensive pathological lung injury and serious complications. Upon infection with an influenza virus，both innate and adaptive immune responses are induced，while studies showed that improper regulation of pathogen-induced immune responses can cause excessive immune-mediated injury to lung tissue. Here we discuss the immunological mechanism for pathological lung injury induced by infection of influenza A virus. By looking into the influenza virus defense mechanism，we hope to provide some theoretical guidance to optimize influenza A therapeutic strategies in the future.

广东省自然科学基金研究团队(2012030006598)。