目的探讨金匮肾气丸对颌下腺切除大鼠生精调控的作用和机理。方法SD大鼠经灌胃腺嘌呤复制成肾阳虚伴生精障碍模型，切除颌下腺将大鼠复制成唾液缺乏伴生精障碍模型。大鼠经灌胃给予金匮肾气丸混悬液，观察1个生精周期后大鼠附睾内成熟精子的数量与睾丸曲细精管的参数，采用免疫细胞化学法结合图像分析系统观察生精细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2的表达情况。结果金匮肾气丸作用1个生精周期后，与其他5个实验组比较，肾阳虚+肾气丸组大鼠曲细精管中生精细胞出现增殖，同时生精细胞内Bax表达下调和Bcl-2表达上调(P < 0.01)，与正常对照组比较，差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。肾阳虚合并颌下腺切除+肾气丸组、颌下腺切除+肾气丸组大鼠曲细精管中生精细胞有所增殖，但与肾阳虚合并颌下腺切除组、颌下腺切除组比较，差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)，Bax和Bcl-2表达变化不明显(P > 0.05)。结论金匮肾气丸能通过调控生精细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2，促进肾阳虚伴生精障碍模型大鼠生精细胞增殖，但对颌下腺切除的唾液缺乏伴生精障碍模型大鼠的Bax和Bcl-2表达基本没有调控作用，生精细胞增殖促进能力有限。

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect and mechanism of Jinkui Shenqi pills on spermatogenesis in submaxillary salivary gland excision rats. Methods SD rat model of kidney yang deficiency and spermatogenic obstacle was established by intragastric administration of adenine，and the submaxillary salivary gland was removed for the establishment of experimental model of saliva deficiency and spermatogenic obstacle. All rats were given the suspension of Jinkui Shenqi pills by intragastric administration for one spermatogenic period. The number of mature sperms in the epididymis and the parameters of testicular convoluted tubule were measured. The expression of apoptosis-related protein Bax and Bcl-2 in spermatogenic cells were examined by immunocytochemistry and with graphical analysis system. Results After treatment for one spermatogenic period with Jinkui Shenqi pills，the proliferation of spermatogenic cells occurred in testicular convoluted tubule of rats，the expression of Bax was down-regulated and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated in the spermatogenic cells of the group of kidney yang deficiency+Jinkui Shenqi pills compared with the other 5 experimental groups(P < 0.01). None of the above indexes showed statistical significance as compared with the normal control group(P > 0.05). Jinkui Shenqi pills showed an effect on improving the proliferation of the spermatogenic cells in rats with salivary gland excision and in rats with kidney yang deficiency and submaxillary gland excision，but the difference was insignificant as compared with the model groups，and Jinkui Shenqi pills had no effect on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2(P > 0.05). Conclusion Jinkui Shenqi pills can promote the proliferation of spermatogenic cells by regulating the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in kidney yang deficiency and spermatogenic obstacle rats，but has little regulatory effect on protein expression and cell multiplication in saliva deficiency and spermatogenic obstacle rats.

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