[关键词]
[摘要]
目的 基于核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2(Nrf2)/血红素氧合酶 1(HO-1)通路探讨左归丸改善环磷酰胺 (CTX)诱导的卵巢衰老大鼠氧化应激及卵巢生殖干细胞(OSCs)干性的机制。方法 将 8 周龄雌性 SD 大鼠随机 分为正常组、模型组、戊酸雌二醇(EV)组(0.103 mg·kg-1 )及左归丸低、高剂量组(1.850、3.702 g·kg-1 ),每 组 6 只。采用首日大鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺 50 mg·kg-1 ,第 2~15 天连续每日腹腔注射环磷酰胺 5 mg·kg-1 ,复制 卵巢衰老大鼠模型。模型复制结束后各组灌胃给药,每日 1 次,持续 30 d。测定各组大鼠的体质量、卵巢湿 质量,计算卵巢指数;监测大鼠动情周期,计算动情期紊乱率;采用 HE 染色法观察卵巢组织病理变化及各级 卵泡计数;ELISA 法检测血清抗缪勒管激素(AMH)、雌二醇(E2 )、促卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平;检测卵巢组织丙 二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平;采用 Western Blot、RT-qPCR 法 检测卵巢组织中 Nrf2/HO-1 信号通路、细胞周期蛋白及 OSCs 细胞干性因子相关蛋白及基因的表达;免疫荧光 法检测卵巢组织中 OSCs 干细胞标志物(Fragilis、MVH)的表达水平。结果 (1)与正常组比较,模型组大鼠的 体质量、卵巢指数均显著降低(P<0.001),动情期紊乱率显著升高(P<0.001);原始卵泡、窦前卵泡、窦状卵 泡、黄体数量显著减少(P<0.01,P<0.001),闭锁卵泡数量显著增多(P<0.01);血清 E2、AMH 水平显著降 低(P<0.001),FSH 水平显著升高(P<0.001);卵巢组织 MDA 水平显著升高(P<0.01),SOD、GSH-Px 活性 显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.001);卵巢组织 Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1、Cyclin D1、Cyclin E1、MVH、Oct4 蛋白表达 均显著下调(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),p21 蛋白表达显著上调(P<0.01);卵巢组织 Nrf2、HO-1、 NQO1、Cyclin D1、Cyclin E1、MVH、Oct4 mRNA 表达均下调,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),p21 mRNA 表达显著上调(P<0.001);卵巢组织 Fragilis、MVH 荧光强度均显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01)。(2)与模型组比 较,各给药组大鼠的体质量均明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),动情期紊乱率均显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.001); 血清 FSH 水平均明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);卵巢组织 SOD 活性显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001), HO-1、Oct4 蛋白表达显著上调(P<0.05,P<0.01),p21 蛋白表达显著下调(P<0.05,P<0.01),Nrf2、Oct4 mRNA 表达均显著上调(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001)。戊酸雌二醇组及左归丸低剂量组大鼠的卵巢指数明显 升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),原始卵泡数量显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.001);血清 E2水平明显升高(P<0.05);卵 巢组织 GSH-Px 活性显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),Nrf2、MVH 蛋白表达明显上调(P<0.05),NQO1、Cyclin D1 mRNA 表达显著上调(P<0.05,P<0.01),p21 mRNA 水平显著下调(P<0.01,P<0.001)。戊酸雌二醇组 及左归丸高剂量组大鼠的窦状卵泡数量明显增加(P<0.05),闭锁卵泡数量明显减少(P<0.05);卵巢组织 Cyclin D1 蛋白表达明显上调(P<0.05),HO-1、MVH mRNA 表达显著上调(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001), Fragilis、MVH 荧光强度均显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。左归丸高剂量组大鼠卵巢组织 Cyclin E1 蛋白表达明 显上调(P<0.05)。结论 左归丸可能通过 Nrf2/HO-1 通路缓解 CTX 诱导卵巢衰老大鼠的氧化应激损伤,调节 OSCs 细胞周期,维持 OSCs 细胞干性,从而恢复卵巢功能,延缓衰老进程。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To explore the mechanism of Zuogui Pills in improving oxidative stress and oogonial stem cells (OSCs) stemness in Cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced ovarian aging rats through the nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) pathway. Methods Female SD rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into normal, model, Estradiol Valerate (EV)(0.103 mg·kg-1 ), and low-/high-dose Zuogui Pills groups (1.850,3.702 g·kg-1 ),with six rats per group. The ovarian aging model was established by intraperitoneal injection of CTX (50 mg·kg-1 on day 1,followed by 5 mg·kg-1 daily from days 2 to 15). After modeling,intragastric administration was performed once daily for 30 days. Body mass,ovarian wet mass,and ovarian index were measured. Estrous cycle was monitored to calculate estrous disorder rate. Ovarian histopathology and follicle counts were assessed via HE staining. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH),estradiol (E2 ),and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were detected by ELISA. Ovarian malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were measured. Western Blot and RT-qPCR were used to analyze protein and mRNA expression of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway components,cell cycle regulators,and OSCs stemness factors. Immunofluorescence was employed to detect the expression of OSCs markers (Fragilis,MVH). Results(1) Compared with the normal group,the model group showed significantly reduced body mass and ovarian index (P<0.001),increased estrous disorder rate (P< 0.001),decreased numbers of primordial follicles,preantral follicles,antral follicles,and corpora lutea (P<0.01, P<0.001), increased atretic follicles (P<0.01), reduced serum E2 and AMH (P<0.001), elevated FSH (P< 0.001), increased ovarian MDA (P<0.01), decreased SOD and GSH-Px activity (P<0.05, P<0.001), downregulated protein expression of ovarian Nrf2,HO-1,NQO1,Cyclin D1,Cyclin E1,MVH,and Oct4(P< 0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),upregulated p21 protein (P<0.01),downregulated mRNA expression of Nrf2,HO-1, NQO1, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, MVH, and Oct4, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05), upregulated p21 mRNA (P<0.001), and reduced Fragilis and MVH fluorescence intensity (P<0.05, P<0.01). (2)Compared with the model group, all treatment groups exhibited increased body mass (P<0.05, P<0.01), reduced estrous disorder rate (P<0.01,P<0.001),decreased serum FSH (P<0.05,P<0.01),elevated ovarian SOD activity (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001), upregulated HO-1 and Oct4 protein (P<0.05, P<0.01), downregulated p21 protein (P<0.05,P<0.01),and upregulated Nrf2 and Oct4 mRNA (P<0.05,P<0.01,P< 0.001). The EV and low-dose Zuogui Pills groups showed increased ovarian index (P<0.05,P<0.01),increased primordial follicles (P<0.01,P<0.001),elevated serum E2(P<0.05),enhanced ovarian GSH-Px activity (P< 0.05,P<0.01),upregulated Nrf2 and MVH protein (P<0.05),upregulated NQO1 and Cyclin D1 mRNA (P<0.05, P<0.01), and downregulated p21 mRNA (P<0.01, P<0.001). The EV and high-dose Zuogui Pills groups displayed increased antral follicles (P<0.05),reduced atretic follicles (P<0.05),upregulated Cyclin D1 protein (P<0.05),elevated mRNA expression of HO-1 and MVH (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),and increased Fragilis and MVH fluorescence intensity (P<0.05,P<0.01). The high-dose Zuogui Pills group showed upregulated Cyclin E1 protein (P<0.05). Conclusion Zuogui Pills may alleviate oxidative stress,regulate OSCs cell cycle,and maintain OSCs stemness via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, thereby restoring ovarian function and delaying aging in CTX-induced ovarian aging rats.
[中图分类号]
R285.5
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金面上项目 (82174418);广州市科技计划项目 (2024B03J1259)。