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[摘要]
目的 探讨山柰酚通过调控 NOD 样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白 3(NLRP3)-半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解 酶 1(Caspase-1)信号轴促进胃癌细胞焦亡,从而增强胃癌细胞对奥沙利铂的化疗敏感性。方法 CCK-8 法检 测山柰酚与奥沙利铂对胃癌细胞(MKN-45、HGC-27)增殖的影响。通过 Synergy Finder 在线软件检测山柰酚与 奥沙利铂的协同效应。运用 LDH 释放实验检测 LDH 的活性。利用 ELISA 法检测白细胞介素 1β(IL-1β)含量。 借助扫描电镜和透射电镜观察细胞形态和细胞内超微结构。Western Blot 技术检测 NLRP3、Caspase-1、 cleaved-Caspase-1、gasdermin D (GSDMD)、GSDMD-NT、gasdermin E(GSDME)、IL-18、IL-1β 蛋白的表 达。结果 与对照组(0 µmol·L-1 )比较,山柰酚在 20~140 µmol·L-1浓度范围、奥沙利铂在 5~35 µmol·L-1浓 度范围,分别干预 24、48、72 h 后,MKN-45、HGC-27细胞相对活力均明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),且呈 现明显的时间、浓度依赖性。山柰酚与奥沙利铂联合干预 HGC-27 细胞的响应面模型以及相互作用效力(ZIP) 指数为 15.694,联合干预 MKN-45 细胞的 ZIP 指数为 26.865,ZIP 指数均>10,呈现协同效应。与对照组比 较,山柰酚组的 LDH 和 IL-1β 释放量增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),且随着山柰酚浓度的增加,LDH 和 IL-1β 释 放量也增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与山柰酚组和奥沙利铂组比较,山柰酚组+奥沙利铂组 LDH 和 IL-1β 释放量 增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。用山柰酚和奥沙利铂干预后的两株胃癌细胞在扫描电镜和透射电镜下形态学特征不 同,MKN-45 细胞趋向于细胞焦亡形态学特征,而 HGC-27 细胞更趋向于铁死亡形态学特征。与对照组比较, 不 同 浓 度 山 柰 酚 干 预 两 株 胃 癌 细 胞 后 , NLRP3、 Caspase-1、 cleaved-Caspase-1、 GSDMD、 GSDMD-NT、 GSDME、IL-1β、IL-18 蛋白表达水平均明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.01),且 cleaved-Caspase1 和 GSDMD-NT 表 达量相对于 Caspase-1 和 GSDMD 增高较为明显。与空白对照组比较,山柰酚组、奥沙利铂组和山柰酚+奥沙 利铂组 NLRP3、Caspase-1、cleaved-Caspase-1、GSDMD、GSDMD-NT、GSDME、IL-1β、IL-18 蛋白表达水 平均明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.01),且 cleaved-Caspase-1 和 GSDMD-NT 表达量相对于 Caspase-1 和 GSDMD 增高较为明显,其中以山柰酚+奥沙利铂组效果最优(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 山柰酚可能通过激活 NLRP3-Caspase-1 信号轴,促进胃癌细胞焦亡,从而增强胃癌细胞对奥沙利铂的敏感性。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To investigate kaempferol enhances the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells to oxaliplatin by promoting pyroptosis through regulation of the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3) -Caspase-1 signaling axis. Methods The effect of kaempferol and oxaliplatin on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells (MKN-45, HGC-27) was detected by CCK-8 assay. The synergistic effect between kaempferol and oxaliplatin was analyzed using the Synergy Finder online software. LDH release assay was used to measure LDH activity. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) content was detected by ELISA. Cell morphology and intracellular ultrastructure were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The protein expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1,cleaved-Caspase-1,gasdermin D (GSDMD),GSDMD-NT,gasdermin E (GSDME),IL-18,and IL-1β were detected by Western Blot. Results Compared with the control group (0 µmol·L-1 ),after treatment with kaempferol (20-140 µmol·L-1 ) or oxaliplatin (5-35 µmol·L-1 ) for 24,48,and 72 hours,the relative viability of both cell lines was significantly reduced (P<0.05,P<0.01) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The ZIP synergy score for the combined treatment of HGC-27 cells with kaempferol and oxaliplatin was 15.694, and for MKN-45 cells was 26.865. Both scores were greater than 10, indicating a synergistic effect. Compared with the control group, the kaempferol-treated groups showed increased release of LDH and IL-1β (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the release increased with higher kaempferol concentrations (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the kaempferol-only or oxaliplatin-only groups, the combined treatment group (kaempferol + oxaliplatin) showed increased release of LDH and IL-1β(P<0.05, P<0.01). The two gastric cancer cell lines treated with kaempferol and oxaliplatin exhibited different morphological features under SEM and TEM. MKN-45 cells tended to show morphological characteristics of pyroptosis, while HGC-27 cells leaned more towards features of ferroptosis. Compared with the control group, treatment of both gastric cancer cell lines with different concentrations of kaempferol significantly increased the protein expression levels of NLRP3,Caspase-1,cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD,GSDMD-NT,GSDME,IL-1β,and IL- 18(P<0.05,P<0.01). The increase in the expression of cleaved-Caspase-1 and GSDMD-NT relative to their fulllength counterparts (Caspase-1 and GSDMD) was particularly notable. Compared with the blank control group, the kaempferol group, oxaliplatin group, and the combined treatment group all showed significantly increased protein expression levels of NLRP3,Caspase-1,cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD,GSDMD-NT,GSDME,IL-1β,and IL- 18(P<0.05,P<0.01). Again,the increase in cleaved-Caspase-1 and GSDMD-NT was more pronounced relative to their pro-forms. The combined treatment group (kaempferol + oxaliplatin) showed the most potent effect (P<0.05,P< 0.01). Conclusion Kaempferol may enhance the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to oxaliplatin by promoting pyroptosis through activation of the NLRP3-Caspase-1 signaling axis.
[中图分类号]
R285.5
[基金项目]
甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(22JR5RA614);甘肃省卫生健康行业科研计划项目(GSWSKY2023-76)。